Background: Social networks (SNs) are increasingly shaping the landscape of cancer care by providing online platforms for information exchange, emotional support and patient engagement. However, the nuanced experiences of patients using these platforms, along with the associated risks and expectations, remain underexplored. This qualitative study aimed to investigate cancer patients’ perspectives on the role of SNs throughout their care journey.

Methods: A phenomenological design was employed in 2024, involving 20 cancer patients who were active users of SNs. Participants were purposively selected from hospitals affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews focusing on three main areas: perceived opportunities, challenges and expectations. Thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework.

Results: Findings are presented within three main categories derived from the interview guide: opportunities, challenges and expectations. Thematic analysis revealed several key subthemes under each category. Opportunities included enhanced cancer awareness, improved communication with healthcare providers, emotional support and self-care promotion. Challenges encompassed misinformation, privacy breaches, emotional distress, social isolation and commercial exploitation. Expectations included greater provider engagement as well as improved access to reliable treatment information and social support.

Conclusion: Findings highlight that while SNs offer meaningful benefits in cancer care, they also pose substantial risks. To maximise their utility and minimise harm, these platforms must prioritise content accuracy, user privacy and clinical collaboration. To be effective in health contexts, SNs should specifically address health-related issues.