Dr Paul de Souza from New South Wales, Australia, argues in favour of chemotherapy remaining as the standard treatment for symptomatic mCRPC in the era of novel agents. He explains that the various molecular states of prostate cancer cells, as well as the variety of molecular targets and mechanisms at play, together with the various genetic mutations, mean that not all cells will respond to androgen receptor blockade. Dr de Souza shows how the evidence for chemotherapy (eg, docetaxel, cabazitaxel) supports its continued use in mCRPC.