Dr Zips discusses the use of advanced biological imaging technology to learn more about the biology of cancer and adapt the treatment approach accordingly. He talks about studies that have been done to learn about the relationship between the extent of hypoxia in animal tumours and how they respond to radiation, and how that can be incorporated into a fractionated treatment for humans. He explains how biological imaging might help us to assign patients to very individualized specific treatment and so improve outcome. He concludes with the statement that molecular imaging provides a great opportunity for a partnership between radiation oncologists and biological images to target cancer resistance.