During a press conference at ESMO 2012 in Vienna, Dr Carmen Criscitiello from the European Institute of Oncology in Milan, Italy, and colleagues report on an analysis of the different factors that may have affected the choice of surgery offered to patients in the NeoALTTO trial, which showed that the combination of paclitaxel, lapatinib and trastuzumab significantly increased the rate of tumour eradication (pathological complete response) compared to paclitaxel combined with either drug alone. The NeoALTTO trial was published in January this year.