While several clinical trials have demonstrated that maintenance therapy with lenalidomide reduces the risk of disease progression in patients with multiple myeloma, there have been no definitive results regarding overall survival.

While some previous studies found that maintenance lenalidomide after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant improved overall survival for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients, others showed no benefit to this approach.

Philip McCarthy, MD, Director of Blood & Marrow Transplant at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), presented the findings of an international team of researchers at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 52nd Annual Meeting in Chicago.

The new study is a meta-analysis of three randomised controlled trials conducted by the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology (formerly Cancer and Leukaemia Group B) (CALGB) with support from the NCI, Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM), and the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell’Adulto (GIMEMA).

It involved more than 1,200 participants.

For this analysis, 605 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and treated with continuous lenalidomide following autologous stem cell transplant were compared to 604 patients who were treated with placebo or no maintenance.

At seven years, 62% of those treated with maintenance lenalidomide had survived, compared to 50% of those in the control group.

The benefit in overall survival was consistent across subgroups.

“Lenalidomide maintenance following autologous stem cell transplant can now be considered a standard of care for people with multiple myeloma,” says Dr. McCarthy, senior author on the meta-analysis and Principal Investigator of the U.S. study, CALGB (Alliance) 100104. “The improvements over the last decade in terms of both survival and quality of life for patients with this disease are striking, and very encouraging.”

Source: ASCO 2016