Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia who have lower education levels and lower income are less likely to receive a allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant for acute myeloid, however, if they can access the treatment, are equally likely to benefit from transplant as patients with more education and higher income, according to a new study from Fred Hutch Cancer Centre presented Dec. 8 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Haematology.

The study, which analysed zip code-level data showing socioeconomic differences among 692 acute myeloid leukaemia patients evaluated for stem cell transplant, showed that lower area-level education and higher poverty indicators, such as reliance on government assistance programmes, were associated with increased mortality before transplant and reduced likelihood of receiving transplant.

However, once patients accessed transplants, socioeconomic factors had a less pronounced impact on post-transplant outcomes, indicating that interventions should focus on overcoming barriers to accessing transplantation.

“This study has highlighted the need for targeted interventions to improve access for patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds,” said Mohamed Sorror, MD, MSc, senior author and clinical researcher at Fred Hutch Cancer Centre.

“We need to focus on addressing financial barriers, improving health literacy, and enhancing support systems to ensure equitable access to treatments.”

Patients in the study who lived in neighbourhoods with higher proportions of residents with less than a high school education were 30% less likely to receive a transplant and had a 24% higher risk of death without transplant.

Further, reliance on government assistance programmes, such as supplemental security income, was associated with 40% increased risk of death without transplant and a 22% decrease in the likelihood of receiving a transplant.

“This study was born out of our clinical observations that if we could get a low socioeconomic patient over the transplant access barrier, their survival outcomes were equivalent to individuals with higher socioeconomic status,” said lead author Natalie Wuliji, DO, a Fred Hutch physician and haematologist-oncologist, who presented the study at ASH.

“With this analysis confirming our initial theory, we can now take steps toward solving the challenge of transplant access.””

Allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplant is an important therapy for AML patients.

In 2024 alone, 20,800 new cases of AML were diagnosed and the five-year survival rate for patients is 31.9%, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Because of treatments like transplantation, death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year since 2013.

The study, which was funded by Patient-Centred Outcome Research Institute, American Cancer Society and American Society of Haematology, looked at 692 AML patients across 13 predominantly academic centres and examined socioeconomic status attributes, including median household income, education levels, households below the poverty level, households utilising SNAP and other related factors.

Wuliji and the research team will now focus on exploring potential interventions to improve access to transplant and help patients overcome socioeconomic barriers.

Source: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center