Two studies published in JAMA Dermatology report on the detection of early skin cancers in married couples, and the accuracy of diagnosis by dermatologists compared to physician assistants (PAs).

Early detection of melanoma, a potentially fatal skin cancer, is critical and is associated with better patient outcomes.

Marital status has been associated with improved outcomes in cancer but not much is known about the influence of marital status on the detection of early localized melanoma.

In the first study of 52,063 patients identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database with a diagnosis of melanoma with no evidence of regional or distant metastases and with recorded marital status and sentinel lymph node status who presented from 2010 through 2014, marital status was associated with earlier presentation of localized melanoma.

Married patients were found to be more likely to present with an early stage tumour and more likely to undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy for appropriate tumors. 

Once spouses have noticed suspect lesions and head to their doctors, the second study indicates they would benefit from meeting with a specialised dermatologist.

"Although the availability of PAs may help increase access to care and reduce waiting times for appointments, these findings have important implications for training of PAs and other non-physician practitioners in dermatology," said Laura Ferris, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Dermatology. "Currently there is no formal training or certification program in dermatology for PAs or other advanced practice providers."

Ferris suggests that the study findings also should be considered when evaluating cost of care.

PAs typically have lower salaries than physicians and health systems are increasingly shifting patient care responsibilities to such advanced practice providers in an effort to control costs.

"In the age of cost-conscious medicine, it's important to consider more than just a clinician's salary," said Ferris. "Missed diagnoses or unnecessary biopsies of benign lesions should be factored into decisions about the scope of a practice, hiring decisions, supervision of providers and patient decisions about who provides their dermatologic care."

The study examined the medical records of 33,647 skin cancer screening examinations in 20,270 unique patients who underwent screening at UPMC-affiliated dermatology offices from 2011 through 2015.

Ferris and her team found that the lower detection rate among PAs was only for melanoma in situ, or early stage skin cancer, and that PAs and dermatologists had similar detection rates for invasive melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers, which often are more clinically obvious.

In addition, the study found that, for every case of melanoma diagnosed, PAs needed to biopsy more than 39 pigmented lesions and dermatologists needed to biopsy slightly more than 25 such lesions.

In other words, for every suspected case of melanoma, PAs' suspicions were correct one out of every 39 times, compared to one out of 25 for dermatologists.

Source: JAMA Dermatology and University of Pittsburgh