Researchers at the George Washington University (GW) Cancer Center have discovered a new role for the enzyme, histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), in the regulation of T-cell function.

T-cells can infiltrate tumours with the purpose of attacking the cancer cells.

However, prior studies have found that the T-cells group around the tumour, but do not perform the job that they are meant to.

"The goal of the T-cell is to destroy the cancer tumour cells," Eduardo M. Sotomayor, MD, director of the GW Cancer Center and senior author of the study, explained. "We wanted to look at and understand the mechanisms that allowed cross talk between the tumour and the T-cells that stopped the T-cells from doing their job."

The recent research, published in the journal Blood, centred on the discovery of "epigenetic checkpoints" in T-cell function in an effort to explain how and why these cells are modified to behave differently.

The study found that when HDAC11 was removed the T-cells, they were more primed to attack the tumour.

More importantly, this research highlights that HDAC11, which was the last of 11 HDAC to be discovered, should be treated as an immunotherapeutic target.

While the study focused on the T-cells around a lymphoma tumour, this research is pertinent to all types of cancer.

The goal for the team was to find a way to activate the T-cells so that they could destroy the tumour.

However, the process of cell activation does need to be refined and handled carefully.

"We don't want T-cells to be easily activated, as they can cause harm to the host - the patient. So we want to look at possible methods and therapies to activate the T-cells when they need to work," said Sotomayor.

"The next step is to perform preclinical studies with specific inhibitors of HDAC11 alone and in tandem with other existing immunotherapies, such as anti-PD1/anti-PDL1 antibodies, in order to find the most potent combination. Our goal is to make the T-cells better at destroying cancer tumours."

This study represents a step forward in understanding the underlying mechanisms of T-cell function and epigenetic regulation of the HDAC11 enzyme.

Source: George Washington University